Depth gauge



Nov. 24, 1931. E. K. NORTON 1,833,850

DEPTH GAUGE Original Filed May 11, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 x f Ha".

wyw

Q 1931-" E? K. NORTON 1,833,850-

DEPTH GAUGE original Filed May 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 gwuwntob E. K.NORTON Nov. 24, 1931.

DEPTH GAUGE Original Filed May 11 1925 4 sheets -shaet 5 Nov. 193T. E.K. NORTON DEPTH GAUGE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed May 11 1925 l /cniv Patented Nov. 24, 1931 S A E EDWIN K. i 'QBTON, oE RooKLYN, NEW YORK,ASSIGNOR ro lxrort'rolv- GAUGE COMPm i 5 A CORPORATION or CONNECTICUTDEPTH eAUGn AppIication fil edlMay 11, 1925, Serial No. 29,540. withSeptember $119311 Myinvention relates to liquid level indi eatingdevices, and more particularly'to the class ofliquid level indicatorswhich operate upon a hydro'static principle. I g

'5 An object of my invention is toyprovid-e an indicating device whichmaybe attached directly to a fluid stora e reservoir orrmaybe' locatedat a consider-a le distance fromthe' reservoir. r

10 Another object of myinvention is to pro vide 'a connecting meansbetween the indicating device and the storage reservoir when theindicatorislocated at a distancefromthe reservoirx' M H 1B Yet anotherobject of the invention is to provide amounting for the indicator bymeans of which the indicator maybe at-j tached to a suitable support 7 Afurther object of my invention is to pro 2d vide a liquid levelindicating device operating upon a hydrostatic principle,-w1th means toobtain a true hydrostatic balance.

' A still further objectof my invention is to provide a connecting meansbetween the in-' 25 gases generated within the reservoir are preventedfrom passing out "through the indi-' cator. V y i g My device isparticularly adaptable .to fluids such as oil, gasoline,-liquid'soaps,acids of light specific gravity, brines, and in fact, where it isnecessary to measure any liquid either applying the device directly-tothecontainer', or by placing the indicator at a considcrable distancefrom theicontainer for purposes of convenience, such as reservoirs offuel oil submerged lnthe ground at a (115-7 tance from a residence orfactory, for oil storage gasoline tanks on automobiles where, it isdesirable to have the indicator on the p p I tions to the. part cularconstruct1ons,;wh1ch indicating means being a liquid, the problem ofinstallation. is a serious one, since sealing,

caps are necessary to prevent the indicating dicator and thestoragereservoir whereby oil were limited in their scope of operation,due

fluid from -being spilled during shipment and installation. The "usualdevicesemploy) essentially the U=tube principle comprising a storagechamber;a connecting conduit, and a small diameter indicating columnwhichLis open to the atmosphere, the fstoragefchamber 1' being connectedby means of a tube jto fthe f chamber which is inserted in the to Imeasured.

My invention aims to provide" an improved means of indicat on in ,orderto eliminate the various faults n construction'and operation of similardevices which have bddisclosed. Specifically the elements forlthe' suc'cessful operation offan indicating device 'opcratingon the hydrostaticprinciple areas follows? l v,

'A tube or pipe which is inserted'in the 'receptacle or reservoir of the{fluid to hefmea's- 1 ured and connectedthereto; a tub'e' which is 7attached tothe end of the pipe and to'thc" indicator, and astorage'chamb'er containing a fluid of greater. specific gravity fiuidto befi'neasured in thejreservoirjsoxthata differential specific to oneis obtained. H V lViththese' andother obj ectsinjview which: may beincident to my improvements, the invention consists in "the parts andcombina tions to be hereinafter set forth and: claimed, 80 with theunderstanding that the several'necessary elements comprising invention,may be varied inconst ueuon; proportions gravityv least andarrangement-,without' departing from] the spirit and scope of the"appended'claims.

15 p V .-Fig. 10 is a. vertical transverse sectionof longitudinalsection of a portion of the connecting tube;

Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of'the gauge; V Fig. isa'horizontal-section on line-5 5' ofl igfly f 'Fig. 6 is a horizontal.section on line of Fig. 4; V

Fig. ,7. is a horizontal sectlon on line 77 Fig. 8 is a horizontalsection on line 8 -8 Fig. 9 is a' perspective view of one form ofmounting bracket;

mounting bracket .r.. h a verticallongitudinal section,

' Eig .-11 is..aperspect1ve viewshowingam other fornr of mountlng for.the ind cating device; 1 Y Fig. 12 is a. plan-view of a table mountingsun portfor thegauge;

ig. ;1'3) is a vertical transverse section of the table mounting;

tachedto the vent pipe of a tanktand of acheck alye and air vent unit.

ings,w anfc lmore particularly to Fig. 4, Ihave show 'n my liquid levelindicating device com prising a storage chamber 1, adaptedjto receive apressure indicating liquid, wh ch 1s integral with the base 2 of anindicating A chamber Thenbase 2 is provided with 7 suitable: recesses toreceive the indicating chamber 3, which consists of. a hollow glassorlbakelite tube4 of relatively large diameter,

and a central column 5. It is desirable to i i not easily broken'orsusceptible to changes in -'temperatu.re. I have found] that bakelitcmakes an excellent material for. the housing or tube i.

p i ed on the ,gindicating chambe 3. isfan expansion chamber 6 havingabase 5. f Thejexpansionchamber and the central column 5 form aunit'which is inserted con- 6 to which is attached the central columncentric-ally into the indicating chamber in order to reducefthe volumeof the indicating fluid contained in the space 7: surrounding the column5fan'd at the same time tolgive a C5, 'plunger '12 having a circularshoulder eX largediameter on the indicatingchamber. v

"The stem 8 of the expansion chamber unit- '1s provided With a passage 9which connects the stem to asmall chamber 10 containing a'ball '11 ofrelatively light specific gravity which acts as a check valve intheoperation of the stem. .pAttached to the stem 8 is a tension 13 and'awasher 14 between the plunger and the casing of the expansion chamber. aThe lower extremity of the plunger 12fis provided with an opening 15which connects directly to the stem :8- and the chamber containingtheball 11., ,Be-

' tween the circular flange member 13 andthe plurality of restrictiveconnecting passages 17 and 18 which connect with passages19 a centralconcentric-column 20""iformed in tegral withthe cap or cover 2 of thestorage cha nberl. The central concentric column 20 is'provided with acentral air passage 21 which connectsv the storage chamber 1 with anoverflow reservoir "22. The reservoir 22 is also provided withv acentralconcentric column 23. within whichgis'located an air passage 24which connects directly to a tube. 25. The tube 25 connects theindicator with;

the tank 27-, as showl-nvi'niFig. 1, or the'indicator may beattacheddirectlyto thetank; asindicated in Figurei2. r The chamberl issuitably-sealed atlthe base" r 1 I by gaskets 28 and 28m; theindicatingreser- Fig le is a: side elevation ofthe gauge atv ir issealed with gaskets 29 andBO; and pl I V V or fluid at alltimcs; Thepurpose; of the ReferringtoFigs. 1, 2 and 4 of the drawreservoir 22 isto provide a'means of prevent;

ing any fluid in the storage chamber from passing outthroughthefairpassage '21 and into the tube 25-either during shipment otthe instrument or during its installation or op} v eration.

Itwill be readily seen any; small quantity which might possibly leak outin this manner will be caught in the reservoir 22 and. prevented fromentering the air passage 2 1. I-Ioweventhe construction of the cham:

ber 1 is such that there is very slight possia bility of any liquid,passing from the iLlI'PiIS- sage 21, inasmuch as, the-capacity of thestorage chamber in any position, whether upright hor zontal, orinverted, prevents the fluld from reaching the opening in the central.column which connectsthe' reservoir to p the air passage 21. v V Inthisconstruction it is. not necessary to provide theinstrument with'anysealing caps at the ends to prevent. the :fluidl from 'es cap ing fromthe storage chamber, either from the bottom or out'through theindicating chainber or the. vexpansion chamber. 7 v noted that in theexpansion chamber .6, the lower part of the stem 8 is in the formof aconcentric column so that evenv though fluid escapes into the expansionchamber fromthe indicating chamber during translt or instal- It a willbe t lation, a large quantity can be retained in the 7 expansion:chamber in an inverted position 33 in its upper portion and a concentricbearing 8 for the stem 8. This recess in the cap the 32 also furtherprevents any liquid from stantially flush with the ground.

The tank is further provided with a'vent pipe 37and a drain pipe 38, andsupport members 39are used to-maintain the tank in an upright position.The tubing is attached to the tankbya suitable fastening means 40, andconnects with the levelindicating device, which islocated in a room:above the base-- ment, with a pipe or tube 25' which extends into thereservoir, A support member41 provides means for mounting the indicatingdevice upona wall or other suitable location; been, relieved'through thevent pipe 37, the

, 'Referring to Fig; I have shown a de-' tailed view of theconnectingtube 25. The

tube has a flexible armor covering 42, and between the tube and thearmor covering is inserted a layerof asbestos 43 which surrounds thetube; The purpose of this-flexible metal conduit is for the protectionof the tube wire,

25, especially when the Wire is installed underground, but it alsoserves in any case as a protection to the tube both from damage bypinching through unnecessary sharp bends, and also to prevent v:suddentem erature changes from ail'ecting the air conta1ned.un der pressure inthe hollow wire. ",This flexible metal conduit protection will have atendency to permit-the indicator to function with less inaccuraciesthan. when installed without such a. protector, and also facilitates theinstallation of the indicating. device.

I have found that considerable difliculty has arisen when an instrumentof the type described is installed particularly onroil reser-.

voirs, due to the fact that when the reservoir is being filled, andespecially when it isfilled too rapidly, the air confined within thereservoir is not eliminated rapidly enough through the vent to theatmosphere, and in consequence, a pressureis wt up within the indicator,causing the indicating fluid to rise rapidly and become'ejected throughthe tube and thus become lost.

Referring to Fig. 14, have'shown in liquid level indicating deviceCOIIIIQCtGCldlrectly to the'storage tank 27 through a check valve andair vent unit i In Fig. 15, I have shown a detailed View of the checkvalve and air vent unit 40 which consists of a .T-pipe connection 44attached to the tank 27 by suitablescrew means 45 and adapted to receivethe vent pipe 37. Above the vent pipe connection is a sleeve member 46which screws into the T-pipe connection 44 and receives a threadedmember 47 which is provided with a recess 48 in which is placed a checkball 49, the purpose of the check ball being to seal the passage 50between the con.- 1

necting tube 25 and the reservoir tube 25', A look nut 5l connects thereservoir tube 25' with the sleeve member 46, and=alsuitable gasket 52is provided betweenthe'members 46 and 47. The. connecting tube 25,havinga flexible armor covering 42, is connected to t the member 47 bymeans of a lock nut 53.- In this. check valve vent pipefcombinatiom:

as shown in Fig. 1 5,it'will be readilyseen that when any undue pressureis generated within the fluid'reservoir, which isnotre: lievedthroughthe vent pipe 37 to the atmoss phere, and apressure is set upwithinithe reservoir tube 25,the check ball 49 will suddenly rise andseat itself against the upper part of the check val've 'unit, therebypreventing any pressure from reaching, theflin dicator itself. -As soonas this pressure has" dicator, thus adding to any conflagration whichmay have started through any cause whatever. V 1

Referring to Figs. 9, and 10, I-have shown amounting for my indicatorcomprising a circular base 54 having an, arm extension F 551 formedwith, a cylindrical member; 56,

which is provided with anopening 57 adapted to receive a threadedshoulder extension attached to the overflow reservoir 22 of the liquidlevel indicator. The mountin is fa s tened to a wall or other support58" y suit able screw means 59. i H

Referring to Fi 11, 1 haveshown; a mounting for the ind icatorin whichthe overfiow reservoirl22 is formed integral with a 5'' supportingbracket havingan ornamental base member 54 with an arm portion 555.

This form otbracketprovides a substantial mounting means for theindicator which may be attached to a wall or other support memberbyscrew means 59'. f

In Figs. 12 and 13 I have shown another form of mounting orsupportformyindicator. This particular type may be used to support theindicator on a table or desk. It. consists of a circular base 60provided with a curved portion 61. and a concentric vertical member 62.The vertical member 62 is adapted to receive a threaded 'shoulderextension attached to the overflow reservoir ,22.

of the indicator. A suitable opening is pro vided in the base 60 topermit the connecting tube 25, which connects the indicator andthe'storagereservoir, to be inserted.

The operation of my 1 indicating device is as follows When theindicator, the tank tube vand the connectingtube are installed in atsuitable reservoir and the reservoir gradually filled with fluid, eitheroil, gasolineor the like, a pressure will'b'e'createdin the tube"whichisimmersed in the-fluid, Thispressure will be transmitted directlythrough the con nectingtube into the storage chamber 1,'up

through the air passage 21; This will immca i diately 'create a downwardpressure on the indicating fluid in the storage chamber. The

fluid will thenib'e forcedjupward through, the

plurality of passages 19, through the pas- I sages18 andinto theindicating chamber 3;

The level of theindicating'fiuid will then be in direct proportion in'miniature'in the In:

dica-ting chamber to correspond to the level of-the fluid to be measuredin the reservoir, due tothefact that the indicating fluid and the fluidinth'ereservoir to be measured are in hydrostatic balance. It will beunderstood" that in order tohave the indicator show a full reading whenthe reservoir containing the fluid to be measured is full, the diametersof the reservoir tube'and the indicatingreser:

voirs must be relatively predetermined, which is simply volumetricdisplacement.

There are two causes of inaccuracy in the employment of the simplehydrostatic princciple indicatingfluid depths, namely, changes in thetemperaturewhich cause the air which is confined in thehollow wire toeitherexpand or contract, thereby changing'thehydrostatic balance, or byleakage any of the connections of the hollow wire or'pa'rts oit' the vindicator. In order to overcome these inaccuracies which might occurfrom time to time, I have provided withinthe expansion cham her a stemand plunger mechanism, as shown 7 in Fig.4.

It will be readily seen that when manual pressure is applied downwardlyto {the upper portion offthecstem, the volume of air which -iscontainedwithin the expansion chamber will be forcedIthrough theairpassages 17 into the indicating chamber 3; thereby forcing theindicatingfluid c downward through the passages 18 and intothe storagechamber 1, Theball located within the stem 8 adds materially to theoperation ofthis stem and;

plunger, inasmuch as it permits the free passage of air when in normalposition throughout the entire'length' of the stem, as it leaves ment. P

'- the indicating chamber open to the atmos- The air thus forced outthrough the, indicating chamber 3 into the storage chamber 1 passesthrough the airpassage 21 located in the concentric stem ofthe chamberland replaces any air which has leaked out and any surplus airno'tneededto' reinstate the true hydrostatic balance, 'passes'out throughthe bottom of the reservoir tube intothe reservoir. this means, analmost"instant'.recti-v fication ofthe reading maybe-obtained.

It is wellknown that the indicator is pri lmarily a depth indicatingmeans, and is not associated with volumetric indication, mas

much as thepres'sure required to iraise the in dicating fluid from thestorage chamber to the indicating chamber is onlf a question of linealsubmersion of'the tube inthereservoir Of fluid to be'measured,Thereservoir can be of largecapaci-ty or'small capacitywith thesamedepth and the indicator will measure both equally. However, should theindi- 'cator be required to measure volumetrically,

that the volumetric iiidicationuc'an be ob mined in gallons or any unitof measurement desired.

The construction of the indicatin g chamber with arelativelylargediameterto the storage chamber 'c'ontainin the .centralsolidcolit'jwill be readily seen that the concentric umn forthe purpose oreducing the volume V of indicatingfluid necessary, and atthe same timereducing the height/Of the indicating column, provides a constructionwhich reduces the size of tl eindicatorifor the larger reservoirscontaining fluids to be 'measured, I

"All devices of thisfcharacter have employed an indicating chambercofmuch smaller diameter thanmthe storage chamber so that the'indica'tionof" sixty inches of fluid in a reservoir would be indicated in theindicating column in about twelve inches; One purpose of my invention istoprovide an in dicator that will givecreference of depths from two totwenty feet and in aintain a 7 much smallerindicating means for the sakeof compactness and to provide a simpler construction for the manufactureof the indicator: a, i v f F urt hermore, I have employed aconstruction' which is concentric throughout, that. is, the storagechamber is a concentric unitfthe connectingmeansis a concentric unitwithin the storage chainbem-and the indicating chamber thereon. V alsoprovide a plurality ofconnecting means in this concentric connectingunit so that the indicatingfluid will have free and easy access. to theindicatingcch'amber without restriction'" i, I

The device also includes an expansion chamber superimposedconcentrically upon,

the indicatingchamber to receive any surplus can'be inscribed Withgraduations suitably indicating fluid which may risein: the mu.

7 eating chamberdue to 'sudden pressures'or cator.

over-submersion of .the measuring tube in any reservoir. This chamberisso arranged asto prevent the indicating fluid from escaping and thusbecoming lost from the indi- While I have shown and described thepr'eferred embodiment of my inventiomI wishit tobe understood that I donot confine my self to the precise details or construction herein setforth, by way of illustration, as it is apparent that many changes andvariations may be made thereimbythose skilled in the art, "Withoutdeparting from the'spiritof the invention or exceeding the scope of theappended claims. i

I claim:

1. A liquid level indicatingfdevicecomprising a storage chamber, anindicating chamber mountedco-axially upon the storagech amber, anexpansion chamber mounted coaxially upon the indicating chamber, and

means providing for the transmission Y of 'fiuid under pressure'from one'chamber to another in either direction. i

2. A liquid level indicating device comprising a storage chamber,an'indicating chamber mounted co-axially upon the storage chamber, anexpansion'chamber mountedcoaxially upon the indicating chamber, theindicating chamber being provided with restrictiveaperturescommunicating with the storage and expansion chambers. 3. Aliquid level indicatingdevice'comprising a storage chamber, anindicating chamber mounted upon and/communicating with the: storagechamber, an expansion chamber mounted upon and communicat with theindicating'charnber, said storageand 7 ex ansion chambers communicatingwith di erent sources offluid under pressure.

4'. 'A device of the classdescribed comprising a storage chambercommunicating at one end with a source of pressure, anindicating chambermountedco-axially upon the storage chamber and communicating therewith,an

expansion chamber mounted upon theindiea hamb a Prov d wit Plu mechanismwhereby airjmay be torceditrom the expansion chamber through the-findng- .'ing and storage "chambers." I

' 5. "A liquid level indicating device'fcbmprising a storage chamber, anoverflow trap atltheibase thereofinan indicating chamber mountedco-axially upon'the storage chamber and in direct communicationtherewith through a passageway expansion chamber mounted co-axially uponthe indicating chamber and communicating with the latter through apassageway, and a plunger mechanism mounted .in said expansion chamherfor the purpose described. i

6. A liquid level indicating device comprising a storage chamber formedwith a cenaperture in said extension.

member, formed co-axial and integral with of said series.

*trally apertured extension an overflow trap 1 r secured to the base ofthe st'orage chamber and communicating with it through the I 7. A liquidlevel indicating.device coma prising a storage chamber adaptedto containa'body of liquid, a central'colu'mn Within the storage chamber formedwith. twofseries of passages, an overflow trap'secured to f the baseof'the stora e chamber'and com- .niunicating with oneoth'eseries'ofpassages,f

and an indicating chamber mountedco-axia-lly-upon the storagechamber andcom- 7 municati'ng with the other of said series. 8. A liquid levelindicating device comprising astorage chamber havmga cylindri- 1 -calshap'ed' overflow trap attached thereto,

thetrap having an external cylindrical'shoful- 'der extension, and aninternal hollow rod its base and communicating with the said I shoulderextension andthe interior of the trap, and an indicating chamber mountedupon andcommunicating with thestorage chamber. I j

9; A liquid. level indicating device comprising a storagechamber havinga cylindri-; calshaped overflow trap secured thereto, said trap havingan external cylindrical 'shoul prising ajc'ylindrical shaped storagechamher having attached to its basea cylindrical overflow trap, saidtrap being provided with a hollow threaded cylindrical shoulder 1extension, a hollow rod member formed integral with the base of saidtrap and vertically aligned with said hollow shoulder extension, and anindicating chamber mounted upon and communicating with the storagechamber.

'11. A liquid level indicating device com.-

risin a c' lindricalstora e chamber "a base I e y .g a

"for the chamber adapted o be detachabl secured" thereto, said beingformed on one 7 side with athreadedcylindricalshoulderex-' tension andon itsfoppositesi'dej with acen trally p ositioned ro d m mber providedwith .ia series of flui'd passages, janl overflow trap i20 secured to sad shoulder extension and communicatingwithoneof said series, and an'indicating chambergmounted upon the] storage chamber and communicatingwith the other;

12. A liquid level indicatingdevice'conrprising a storage chambercontaining a body of liquid, an indicatmg chamber mounted upon thestorage chamber and through which.

liquid may be forced, said indicating-chamiw her being formed vvith asolid central column,

. said column beingprovided'with channels to conduct liquid from thestorage chamber to the indicating chamber. V j i I 13. In a device ottheclass described, a cylindrical, storagechamber adapted to be arti llfilled with a. registering. liquid subject to; a source of pressure, acylindrical indicating chamber mounted uponthe-storage chamber and intowhich the liquid may be forced to thereby register.the amountofpressure, said indicating chamberbeing approxijniatelyIeriualindiarheter and height to said "storage chamber but ofsubstantiallyless volumetric capacity. i

. 14. A liquid level indicatingi device com. pris ng a. storage chamberandan lndlcatlng chamber, said indicating comprising a solid centralcolumn and a transparent housing spacedjfrom and" enclosing the column,an expansion chamber mounted lupoir the indicating-chamber, saidexpansion cham- .ber commim'icating with the storage chamberflthroughthe indicating chamber. 7 r

15. A liquid levelindicating device 00 111 prisinga i storage chamber,an indicating chamber mounted npon and communicating with the storagechamben' sai'd indicating chamber comprising 'asol d central" columnchanneled at each end, and a transparent housing spaced from andenclosing the column, an expansion chamber mounted upon the indicatingchamber and communicatingwith thestorage chamber through the'saidchanneled and spaced portion of theindicating chamber/ v 16 A liquidlevel indicating device com,-

prising an indicating chamber connected to fasource of pressure andadapted to contain a" liquid to register the change of pressure,

said chamber having a transparent bakelite hous ng nesting a. solidcentral column.

17. A liquid level indicating device comprising a storage chamber, anindlcating chamber and anexpansion chamber, said chambers 'being'mountedin vertical align- 'nentfand: communicating the one With the other,means/Ito connect} the storage chamber .ft'o a movable column of air-to,regis'ter't-he 1 v mounted in the "expansion "chai nber to-dispressureinithe. body of liquid, and means charge theairiirointhe'system'. 1 v

level indicating device com.-

1 ri inga. stQrage chamber containing a liquid.

,adaptedto'bedisplacedby an air'column, an I indicating chamber intowhich the displaced liquid is forced, and an expansion chamber 7.mounted' upon the indicating chamber and I providedwith means to:ejectthe liquid from the indicating chamber and renew the air iicolumn.1

Y 119. In combination With'aliquid container, 1 a liquid levelindicating deviceand' a storage chamber adapted to be partially filledwith a pressure indicating liquid, a conduit extend- -ing from theliquidcontainer to said chamber adapted to conduct a'column of air mov able inresponseto varying pressuresin the container, an indicating chambermounted co--axially u1: on' the storage chamber and into which liquidfrom thestorage chamber may be forced, an expansion chamber mount ed onthe indicating-chamber and communi eating therewith, said expansion.chamber having a plunger to force the liquid from p said indicatingchamberand-the air from i said conduit. I i

ing a liquid level'indicator adapted tocontain a body of liquiddisplaceabl'e upward- 1y under the action of amovable column of air, anda pump embodied in the indicating device toreplenishthe-said column.

22. A device of the class described, in'combination with a liquidcontainer, a liquid level. indicating device adapted to contain a bodyof liquid displaceable under the action of a column of'air movable inresponse to varying pressures n the container, and a plunger meanscoacting-with the indicatingdevice to displace the liquid downwardly andreplenish the said air column. I

. 23. A device of the classdescribed, in combination with a liquidcontainer, a liquid level indicating device connected by a con-;

duit to the; container andladapted to 'coni tain a body of liquiddisplaceable upwardly, a columnof gas enclosedin said conduit andmovablein response to varying pressures in the container, andfmeanscarried byfthe indicating device, including a plunger "andan air intakevalve to replenish the air, in

the conduit. a

V 24.. 3A liquid .i v'n indicating d mentiaprising astorage chamber andan, indicating chamber mountedcoaxially thereon, sa d ducting channelscommunicatingvvith "said indicating chamber; I q v I p In testimonywhereof I afiix.,myi signature;

torage chamber; having a solid central not I umn provided with ap-Iurality 'of fluid con- EDWIN-K. NORTON'P,

